"Goldhill" Image with Different Types of Distortions


(a) Original "Goldhill" image, 512 by 512, 8bits/pixel

MSE = 0, Q = 1

(b) Impulsive Salt-Pepper Noise

MSE = 120, Q = 0.8290

(c) Additive Gaussian Noise

MSE = 121, Q = 0.6151

(d) Multiplicative Speckle Noise

MSE = 121, Q = 0.6758

(e) Mean Shift

MSE = 121, Q = 0.9928

(f) Contrast Stretching

MSE = 121, Q = 0.9498

(g) Blurring

MSE = 122, Q = 0.5080

(h) JPEG Compression

MSE = 117, Q = 0.4963

MSE: mean squared error; Q: the proposed universal image quality index

Note: All distorted images have nearly identical MSE, but with very different visual quality.


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Last updated Feb. 28, 2001