"Lena" Image with Different Types of Distortions


(a) Original "Lena" image, 512 by 512, 8bits/pixel

MSE = 0, Q = 1

(b) Impulsive Salt-Pepper Noise

MSE = 225, Q = 0.6494

(c) Additive Gaussian Noise

MSE = 225, Q = 0.3891

(d) Multiplicative Speckle Noise

MSE = 225, Q = 0.4408

(e) Mean Shift

MSE = 225, Q = 0.9894

(f) Contrast Stretching

MSE = 225, Q = 0.9372

(g) Blurring

MSE = 225, Q = 0.3461

(h) JPEG Compression

MSE = 215, Q = 0.2876

MSE: mean squared error; Q: the proposed universal image quality index

Note: All distorted images have nearly identical MSE, but with drastically different visual quality.


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Last updated Feb. 27, 2001