Read a Breach Report

Deadline: May 16

Organizations that experience security breaches sometimes release public reports aimed at helping the wider security community understand what happened and hopefully learn from the experience. These reports are sadly not common, but they are very interesting and educational to read.

Steps

1. Pick a data breach report to read, the following are good options but you can pick any you like.
   • British Library - October 2023 breach
   • Troy Hunt’s write-up of the Disqus Data Breach
   • Heartland Payment Systems - August 2009 breach written by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
   • US FTC charges against Snapchat (Counts 1, 2, and 6) - technically this is a legal document, but it has lots of technical details.
2. Read the Executive Summary or Introduction and at least one other section.
3. Optionally, you can search for the breach in the news if you are not already familiar with it.
4. Complete self-reflection questions

Reflection questions

• State what data breach report you read.
• What attack was used in the breach?
• What did you learn about what attackers and/or defenders do during breaches?

Verify Chat Keys

Deadline: May 23

Most end-to-end encrypted chat programs allow users to do manual verification of the other chat partner.

Software: Either WhatsApp or Signal. Two people in the group need to have the same software. Its ok to do this activity with someone outside the class.

Steps:

Follow the steps for WhatsApp or Signal below. You can also try with both to compare and contrast.

WhatsApp

1. Open WhatsApp on a phone
2. Menu -> Settings then click on the QR code image near the profile line
3. Person A should scan person B’s QR code to verify them. Then switch and Person B should scan Person A’s QR code.
4. Tada! You are now verified contacts.
5. Open a chat with your (new) contact, then click their picture/icon to open the contact information.
6. Scroll down to “Encrytion” and click to verify that you are using encryption.

Signal

1. Open Signal app on a phone
2. Open a chat with the other person
3. Menu -> Chat settings -> View safety number
4. Compare the presented numbers or scan the barcode
5. If you are satisfied that they numbers match click the “Mark as verfied” button

Reflection questions

• As an end-user do you feel confident that you have properly verified this person such that the security property of Authentication will now hold future chat messages with this person?
• Are you likely to verify chat parterns in the future? Why or why not?
• What do you feel you learned from this activity?

Other things to try

• Do the above activity on both Signal and WhatsApp and discuss how they differ.
• Try with Tellegram (only if you already have the app)

Learn more

• Signal: What is a safety number and why do I see that it changed?

Opt-out of data usage or collection

Deadline: May 30

You often have the right to opt-out of data collection and usage. Unfortunately opting out can be rather complex. But in order to comply with various laws, and to claim they are doing right by consumers, most companies do have a functional path to opt out of various things.

A common opt-out is cookies and other types of web tracking. In order to claim that opting out is a reasonable and realistic thing for consumers to do, advertisers form alliances where consumers can (theoretically) opt out of tracking by all members on one page.

Steps

Try opting out of cookie tracking using one of the two websites below. Both of these sites are run by advertising networks. Do your best to opt out of as many trackers as possible.

• Your Online Choices
• YourAdChoices

Reflection questions

• What was the experience like?
• Are you confident that you opted out correctly without making any errors?
• Are you confident that you will no longer be tracked by these companies?

Other things to try

Try opting out of some other form of tracking or marketing. Below are some ideas of what to try:

• Car: most modern cars send information back to their makers. Try finding out what information is sent and opting out of its secondary usage as much as possible.
• Robotic Vacuum: most robot vacuums map homes and send data back
• TV: Most modern smart TVs collect detailed information about what shows are being watched. They may also add behavioral marketing based on collected data.
• Smart Meters: Likely installed by the energy company. Find out if your house, apartment, dorm, condo, or other residence has a smart meter.

If you have done the Javascript activity already. Try installing UMatrix again and then opting out using one of the two pages above. Consider how different privacy protection technology may interfear with each other.

Learn more

• Adblocking: How About Nah? by Cory Doctorow
• Interactive Advertising Bureau CEO: AdBlock Plus is an extortion-based business by Frederic Lardinois
• Nouwens, Midas, et al. “A Cross-Country Analysis of GDPR Cookie Banners and Flexible Methods for Scraping Them.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.19655 (2025).

Verify a website certificate

Deadline: May 30

We often visit websites and simply assume that the website we are seeing is the real one. But that is not always the case and for important websites you might want to do some verification. Man in the Middle Attacks can and do happen so web browsers use certificate authorities to verify the identity of websites. You have the ability to see these checks.

Steps

The following steps are written for Firefox but similar steps will work on most modern browsers.

1. Visit a website that is likely to pay for enhanced verification. Unfortunately not many sites, even banks, do this, so I recommend trying one of the following first to see what enhanced verification looks like and then trying other possibilities:
   • BMO
   • Chase
   • PayPal
   • Citizens Bank
2. Look at the identity information. In Firefox:
   1. Click on the lock icon.
   2. You should see “Certificate issued to:” followed by the organization’s name. If this information is missing, then the organization has not paid for enhanced verification.
   3. Click on “Connection secure” to see more details. Note that now the full name and address are shown.
   4. Click on “More information” -> “View Certificate”
   5. This page lists the certificate chain that verifies this website. On the left is the organization’s certificate which has been signed. Then the certificate authorities that did the verification.
   6. Look in the “Certificate Policies” section where it should say “Domain Validation”, “Organization Validation”, or “Extended Validation”.
3. Now try visiting a site that is likely less willing to pay for enhanced verification but is still relatively large. Below are some suggestions:
   • Google
   • PCFinancial
   • arsTechnica
   • University of Waterloo
   • Tim Hortons
4. Compare the “Subject Name” section of certificates of pages with and without enhanced verification.
5. Finally, try visiting some pages that are small and use the “free tier” of certificates. Some suggestions:
   • Kami Vaniea’s homepage
   • Gallery Double T - small art space in Waterloo
   • Sobeys

Reflection questions

• How did the websites and certificates in the pages you looked at differ?
• What did you learn about how companies express their identity to end users?
• Few sites pay for extended validation. Is that a rational choice for companies to make?

Other things to try

Dr Vaniea hosts her own webmail on her personal domain. Unfortunately the website has a security problem. Try and visit her webmail page and figure out what the security issue is. Think critically about if this is a security issue that matters for this use case, or a false alarm.

• Dr Vaniea’s personal webmail

Modify URLs

Deadline: 13 June

The internet uses Universal Record Locators (URLs) to express to computers where the user wants to go. We are used to clicking on links or searching and then clicking on links. But it is quite possible to navigate large parts of the internet by just directly editing URLs.

Software: This activity will work on any major browser, and any other browser that allows you to edit URLs, including mobile browsers.

Steps

Amazon

Amazon uses a consistent naming structure across all their country-specific sites.

1. Search amazon.com (USA Amazon) for a product of your choice.
2. Add “&s=price-asc-rank” to the end of the URL and hit enter. What changed about the page?
3. Open a product of your choice.
4. Edit the domain from “amazon.com” to “amazon.ca” directly in the URL bar and hit enter.
5. If the product is available in both the USA and Canada, then you should see the page change to the Canada version which will likely have a different price, shipping time, and somtimes different reviews.
6. Amazon product URLs are long, but they actually don’t have to be. Starting at the rightmost end of the product’s URL, start deleting bits of the URL till you find the shortest URL that will still load the product page. It helps to think about how the URL is structured while doing the activity.

Wikipedia

Wikipedia uses a very accessable naming structure. If you know what you want, there is no need to even search, you can just enter the URL directly.

7. The Wikipedia page for the University of Toronto is: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Toronto
8. Try creating a URL that links to the University of Waterloo’s Wikipedia page and then enter that URL directly into your browser’s URL bar to check if you did it correctly.
9. Try creating at least one other Wikipedia URL and directly visiting it.

YouTube

YouTube includes information in the URL like distance through the video so that people can share not only videos, but specific points in videos. Since the information is in the URL, it can be manipulated.

10. Open this wonderful video of Dr Vaniea lecturing on ethics. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZniJBygnX8&t=133s
11. Try jumpping to different points in the video by modifying the URL.

Reflection questions

• Have you ever tried directly modifying URLs before?
• What most supprised you about this activity?

Other things to try

• Try changing how you write URLs for git and for ssh.
• Lookup YouTube random video generators

Learn more

Dr Vaniea does research on URLs and how people read (or can’t) read them. Below are some of her research papers:

• I Don’t Need an Expert! Making URL Phishing Features Human Comprehensible
• What is this URL’s Destination? Empirical Evaluation of Users’ URL Reading
• Analysis of publicly available anti-phishing webpages: contradicting information, lack of concrete advice and very narrow attack vector

Download your data from Social Media

Deadline: 27 June

It is your data, so you should have the right to it. The introduction of the Data Protection Directive (1995) in Europe caused several companies to start making users’ data available. Back in 1995 they sometimes sent printed copies in the mail, but now most large companies offer you the right to access your own data for free digitally.

In this activity you will be:

1. Selecting a company/organization
2. Going through the process to request your own data
3. Downloading the data
4. Opening the data

Potential places to get data

You may download your data from any internet service that supports it. The following is a list of companies that support data download and a link to get you started.

• Amazon
• Apple
• Facebook
• Google Data

Open the data

Open up the data in whatever format it is in. You may need to try some different file formats. Below are some things you can try looking for in the data:

• Logins to your account. Sometimes these include GPS locations and/or IP addresses. Are they accurate?
• Lists of friends. Do you still know all these people?
• Photographs uploaded.

Reflection questions

• What was the download process like? Did it feel easy and effortless or was extensive technical experience needed?
• How useful is the data? Now you have your own data on your computer, do you feel like you could actually use this data for anything?
• What surprised you most about the process of downloading your own data?

Other things to try

If you have some extra time try:

• Downloading data from more than one source and comparing the file structures.
• Try uploading some of your data onto another platform. In theory some of these download platforms are intended to allow users to move their data between companies.

Learn more

• Accessing your personal information – businesses

Block third party content

Deadline: 4 July

Install a Javascript blocker and then experiment with what happens when various parts of a website are blocked and unblocked.

Steps

The instructions below assume Firefox, but should work for several different browsers.

1. Install one of the following blockers in your browser.
   • uMatrix - recommended
   • noScript - more agressive
2. Visit a large for-profit news website such as:
   • CNN
   • National Post
   • Global News
3. Unblock select Javascript sources. Most blockers default to blocking all Javascript from third parties. Try unblocking different Javascript sources one at a time, remember to re-load the website between each change to the blocking so you can see changes.
4. Visit a large publicly funded news website such as:
   • BBC
   • PBS
5. Repeat step 3.
6. Either keep or delete the plugin. If you keep it, make sure you know how to open a new plugin-free profile (firefox -p) or have another browser available as the plugin will break banking websites.

Reflection questions

• How did the two types of sites (for-profit and public) differ in terms of the amount and types of Javascript being used?
• How many different Javascript sources did you have to unblock to make the site usable?
• Did you feel like you would be able to selectively load just the parts of a site that you wanted to?

Other things to try

Try out other websites that you use frequently. The University of Waterloo for example. Large complex sites like Facebook can also be interesting to block bits of to see what happens.

Modify website content

Deadline: 11 July

In this activity you will be modifying a live website, essentially creating something you could screenshot and would look 100% real but is completely fake. Please use this information responsibly and as a lesson about trusting screenshots of websites.

Software: Instructions are written for BlueSky and Chrome but should work with most major browsers and social media platforms.

Steps

Modify BlueSky Post

1. Go onto BlueSky (or another social media site) and find a specific post you would like to modify.
2. Right click on the part of the post you want to change and select “Inspect”.
3. The browser should have brought up the HTML assocated with that part of the page. Below is a screenshot of me doing this with a Krebs on Security post.

4. Find the line you want to edit, right click on it, and select “Edit as HTML”. You can now edit the text or just add some.

5. Look at the resulting page.

Modify Javascript

Modifications are not limited to just HTML. It is very possible to modify code on the page and change its behavior.

Chrome is required for these instructions. It is possible in Firefox but quite annoying.

6. Visit this practice page
7. The page loads Javascript code. To see it, right click on “Submit” and click “Inspect”. Then select “Sources” in the developer console.
8. Figure out what you need to enter into the text box to get the page to say “Hello World” at you.
9. Change the Javascript so that any text will cause “Hello World” to appear.

Reflection questions

• Reflect on the following two prompts:
  • Screenshots are often used as evidence in news articles and social media posts. Especially for content that has been deleted.
  • Websites are made of a mix of client code (HTML, JavaScript) and backend server code (PHP, Ruby, Python). Client-side checks are used quite often by websites.

Other things to try

Try removing page element that you find annoying. Technology like Ad Blockers are just automatically doing what you can do manually. Try loading a page that has a large banner or ad at the top and then remove it. You will often see me doing this at the start of class. I like to make news articles on the screen easy to read, so I often remove unecessary page elements and change the text width.

Look at client-side checks. Many pages have client-side checks for all sorts of things. Twitter, for example, used to check new passwords against a list of common passwords client-side. By opening the JavaScript you could see a list of passwords that Twitter does not allow.

See data visible to websites

Deadline: 18 July

Your web browser provides lots of facts to webpages and to JavaScript as part of normal operations. These facts are helpful in that they let pages properly adapt content to match the capabilities of the computer and monitor they are on. But they can also be used to uniquely fingerprint and track users.

In this activity you will be looking at the types of information visible

Steps

1. Visit the Cover Your Tracks website using your normal web browser using your normal settings. Click “Test Your Browser”.
2. Make sure to scroll down on the results page to see all the different types of data the site was able to collect about your browser.
3. Try visiting the page again using a privacy-preserving mode like Private Browsing, or Incognito.
4. Try visiting with a different browser than your normal one.
   • Brave
   • Chrome - Advertising friendly
   • Firefox - Auto blocks advertising

Reflection questions

• What detected information most supprised you.

Learn more

• Panopticlick

Read a Regulation, Law, or Advisory

Deadline: 25 July

Legal regulations can have large impacts on how technology is implemented. Laws and regulations are a way that government tries to influence how technology is built and how it impacts people.

In this activity you will be picking a regulation/law (suggestions below) and reading part of it.

Laws and regulations

Select a law/regulation from the following list. Or use this list as inspiration and select your own regulation to read. I encourage exploring Canadian regulation, but you are welcome to select from regulations worldwide as long as they have a clear connection to privacy or security.

• California Assembly Bill 566 - proposed legislation around data collection by advertisers
• NIST SP 800-63-4
• Ontario Bill 194 - Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024
• Ontario Bill C27 and C26
• GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation
• EU AI Act
• CAN SPAM Act (2003, USA) - Link is to an FTC guide on complying with the act
• CPRA: Californian Privacy Rights Act (2020) - Official Summary and full text

Reflection questions

• Did you feel that you were able to understand the part of the regulation you read?
• As an Engineer, do you feel like you could implement what you read?

Listen to Phish

Deadline: 25 July

This activity requires you (or someone physically near you) to receive a scam communication. So I recommend starting this activity a bit earlier than others since it is hard to control when a scam might happen. If you really don’t receive any scams, try talking to your friends or family about ones they have seen recently.

All you need to do is read or listen to the full scam communication and then think critically about the following questions. There is no need to progress past the initial communication. It is fine to hang up after the initial pitch by them, you do not need to speak to anyone, and you do not need to click any links. Please also review the safety guidance below.

Questions to think about

• Who is the scammer claiming to be?
• What would a real communication from that group or individual look like? (It is ok to answer that you do not know.)
• How did you determine this was a scam/phishing?
• What do you think the scammer is trying to achieve? This one may be challenging to impossible to answer, but trying guessing.
• How confident are you in your assessment? Could you be wrong?
• If you are unsure, how might you double check if the communication is valid or phishing?

Safety

Do not:

• Give out real data
• Click on links in suspected scams/phishing (unless you are on a safe VM, and even then be very careful)
• Give them your real name or contact details
• Email them back - many email providers (though maybe not UWaterloo) use Greylisting where the mail server considers if you have ever emailed the sender before when creating its spam score. The reasoning is that you normally only email valid contacts. But if you email a scammer, then the next email they send will get a score boost from the greylist and consequently may not catch a subtle scam. Avoid emailing scammers.

You can:

• Run wget on any links and look at the resulting page in a text editor. Do not open it with a web browser.
• Give the scammer a fake name or address
  • Avoid using the contact information of the University you attend. Better to pick a large location in a populous city like Toronto.
• Talk vocally to the scammer. There is some risk that by answering you may git put on a “willing to answer” scammer list. But otherwise just talking to a scammer is not harmful if you pay attention to the rules above.

Reflection questions

• Answer the questions above.
• Add at least one sentence of self-reflection.

Learn more

Scams are often obvious because they occur outside the context we expect. That makes them easy to identify. But scams work by finding one person where that message does make sense. And just about anyone can fall for phishing:

• How to Lose a Fortune with Just One Bad Click - Attacker was able to send an email from google.com which was correctly signed by Google.
• The Day I Put $50,000 in a Shoe Box and Handed It to a Stranger I never thought I was the kind of person to fall for a scam. - Account from a journalist who fell for an Amazon phone scam.
• Pluralistic: How I got scammed - account of Cory Doctorow who is a security researcher and was successfully scammed by someone pretending to be his bank.
• Troy Hunt got phished S

Extra: Set a Cookie

Not Graded: This activity is not required and is not graded. It may have self-reflection questions, but they are there only for your own learning.

Cookies are small text strings stored by your browser on the behalf of websites.

Software: Instructiosn are for Firefox, but most browsers should work. Note that Firefox blocks 3rd party cookies, so you will see less cookies on Firefox than on Chrome.

Steps

Look at cookies

Start by looking at some cookies for this website. Do the following while the course website is open.

1. Open the developer tools (Ctrl-Shift-I)
2. Open “Storage” tab
3. Open “Cookies” on sidebar.
4. Look at all the cookies stored by all UWaterloo websites, not just this page. Try clicking on the various cookies and seeing what is being stored.
   • Name is essentially the variable name of the cookie.
   • Value is the value the cookie is storing.
   • Domain is the website domain associated with this cookie. Note that the browser will only allow websites from this domain to access this cookie.
   • Secure indicates if the cookie must be sent encrypted (https) or if it can be sent without encryption (http) - see FireSheep below.
5. Look at the cookies for another website.

Set a cookie

6. Download this example website by right clicking and selecting “Save page as”. It is an HTML page, so if you just click it will load. You need to save the text file to your local computer.
7. Open the HTML file in the plain text editor of your choice.
8. Change “JohnDoe” to any string of your choice.
9. Use the steps above to see the content of your cookie.
10. Visit a similar Example Cookie Page which picks a random number for you when you first visit. Subsiquent visits should show you the same number because the number is stored in a cookie.
    • Find 3 ways to make the site “forget” who you are. Try thinking like a normal user, the approaches need not be complex or overly technical.

Reflection questions

Learn more

• FireSheep old attack where you could steal unencrypted Facebook cookies over wifi at coffee shops and take over other peoples’ Facebook logins. Facebook was encrypting pages but not cookies at the time.

Extra: Record data a page sends/receives

Not Graded: This activity is not required and is not graded. It may have self-reflection questions, but they are there only for your own learning.

Modern websites are built from many different souces. In this activity you will be using your browser’s functionality to record a sequence of web browsing activities and then look at the result.

Software: Chrome or Firefox recommended

Steps

Capture your own traffic

1. Visit any news website such as:
   • CBC
   • CNN
   • Waterloo Chronicle
2. Open the developer console by pushing F12
3. Switch to the Network tab
4. Reload the website and wait a bit for most content to load
5. You can now see all the pages that are being fetched and all the content being sent back and forth between your browser and the various servers. The interface will also let you filter, sort, and dive into anything you find interesting.
6. Download the resulting Har file:
   • Firefox right click on any network line and select “Save all as HAR”
   • Chrome Click on the down arrow icon below the Networking tab to download the HAR file.
7. A HAR file is just a Jason object, it can be opened in any programming language that supports HAR files or anything that can open Jason.

See map of website connections

Firefox is required for this one.

1. Add the plugin Lightbeam on Firefox
2. Visit a couple of pages on different websites
3. Click on the Lightbeam icon to open the page, and wait because Lightbeam is slow…..
4. Look at the connections between websites and the pages they load
5. Uninstall Lightbeam. It is a fun tool, but it also records every page you visit.

Reflection questions

Extra: Shadow Password File

Not Graded: This activity is not required and is not graded. It may have self-reflection questions, but they are there only for your own learning.

Software: Root access on a Linux machine is required for this activity. Root access on a Mac might work, but the instructor has not tested it.

In this activity you will be looking at the Linux shadow password file and seeing what happens when you create a new user.

Steps

1. Run: “sudo cat /etc/shadow”
2. Note that most of the entries have no passwords. These are various computer systems which have accounts on the computer for access-control reasons.
3. Find your own user.
4. Create a new user account on the machine and set its password to something easy.
5. Find the new user in the shadow file.
6. Lookup the salt code to see what algorithum your OS is using to compute the hash.
   • 6, for example, is SHA256, which has a nice online SHA256 + Salt Hash Generator
7. Compute the correct hash yourself using the salt string from the shadow file, the correct password, and a hash generator. The generator can be an online one or using a library in the language of your choice.
8. Compare what you computed to what the system has. If they don’t match, you may need to lookup the shadow password file structure for your OS version and adjust.
9. Remove the user from your system by removing the account you created.

Authentication

Slides

• 02-Authentication
• 03-Authentication
• 03-Phishing

Recommended Reading

• Security in Computing - Chapter 2.1 and 2.2
• Video 17 minutes: What’s wrong with your pa$$w0rd?

News

• Exclusive: how the Atlantic’s Jeffrey Goldberg got added to the White House Signal group chat
• Facebook Stored Hundreds of Millions of User Passwords in Plain Text for Years by Brian Krebs

Laws, regulations, and guidance

• NIST SP 800-63-4 Section 3.1.1.
• NIST proposes barring some of the most nonsensical password rules by Dan Goodin (arsTechnica)
• Password administration for system owners by the National Cyber Security Center of the United Kingdom - one of the first countries to officially advocate for user-friendly password rules

Research

• Joseph Bonneau. The Science of Guessing: Analyzing an Anonymized Corpus of 70 Million Passwords. In Proceedings of IEEE SP 2012.
• Blase Ur, Felicia Alfieri, Maung Aung, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Jessica Colnago, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Henry Dixon, Pardis Emami Naeini, Hana Habib, Noah Johnson, William Melicher. Design and Evaluation of a Data-Driven Password Meter In Proceedings of CHI 2017.
• Florian Mathis, John H. Williamson, Kami Vaniea, Mohamed Khamis (2020). RubikAuth: Fast and Secure Authentication in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
• Ur, Blase, et al. “How does your password measure up? The effect of strength meters on password creation.” 21st USENIX security symposium (USENIX Security 12). 2012.

Random Fun Stuff

• * The password game - Simple game that keeps giving you new harder, more crazy, password rules as you progress.

Cryptography

Cryptography is the study of encryption approaches and is one of the most basic tools used in security. In this module we will cover some of the basic principles of cryptography and some of the most common cryptography aprroaches.

Slides

• 06 Cryptography Introduction
  • Topics: Man in the Middle, substitution ciphers, one time pad, stream ciphers, block ciphers
  • 06-Handout
• 07 Cryptography
  • Topics: Playfair cipher, crypto errors, hash functions, hmac, sp-networks
  • 07-Handout – (Answers)
• 08 Cryptography

Recommended Reading

Security in Computing - Chapter 2.1 and 2.2

Learning Goals

Understand

Encryption is not magic, it does not protect all things from all attacks, it is built on assumptions and like all tools is designed to perform specific tasks. Different types of cryptography are designed to solve different problems, think about the problems, constraints, and assumptions that can be made before selecting a cryptographic approach.

Remember

Difference between symetric and asymetric cryptography Keys, what they are for, assumptions about them, and what they do Stream and block ciphers

Apply

Think about the different tools that you use on a daily basis that claim they use encryption to protect you. Try looking up what kind of encryption they use and reason about why that type was chosen.

Additional Resources

• Vigenère cipher
• One-time-pad
  • Online one-time-pad encoder/decoder
• A Stick Figure Guide to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Networking

Slides

• 09 Networking Introduction
  • Packets, IP addressing, OSI network model, ports, TCP
• 10 Networking
  • Autonomous Systems, BGP Routing, VPNs
• 11 Networking
  • Threat Models, Onion Routing, Denial of Service, Firewalls, NAT

Educational Games

• CS4G Network Simulator - an easy to understand and play simulator game that takes you through some of the most basic attacks in networking such as spoofing and a man in the middle attack
• Permission Impossible - a simple drag-and-drop game designed to teach firewall concepts and rules
• Blue Team - a more complicated firewall game that has you set firewall policies for multiple computers in a network, upper levels include some simple interaction with an intrusion detection system

Additional Resources

• Clark, David. “The design philosophy of the DARPA Internet protocols.” Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols. 1988.
• Mockapetris, Paul, and Kevin J. Dunlap. “Development of the domain name system.” Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols. 1988.

Assignment 1

Due: July 4th

Submission is through Crowdmark

• PDF of Assignment 1
• a1-shadowfile.txt